Everything about Sulfamic Acid totally explained
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Sulfamic acid, also known as
amidosulfonic acid,
amidosulfuric acid,
aminosulfonic acid, and
sulfamidic acid, is a molecular compound with the formula H
3NSO
3. This colorless, water-soluble compound finds many applications.
Sulfamic acid (H
3NSO
3) may be considered an intermediate compound between
sulfuric acid (H
2SO
4), and
sulfamide (H
4N
2SO
2), effectively - though see
below - replacing an -OH group with an -NH
2 group at each step. This pattern can extend no further in either direction without breaking down the -SO
2 group.
Structure and reactivity
First, it should be noticed that the compound is well described by the formula H
3NSO
3, not the
tautomer H
2NSO
2(OH). The relevant bond distances are S=O, 1.44 and S-N 1.77
Å. The greater length of the S-N distance is consistent with a single bond. Furthermore, a
neutron diffraction study located the hydrogen atoms, all three of which are 1.03
Å distant from nitrogen. The structures shown with this article are for the two main
tautomers.
Sulfamic acid is a weak acid, K
a = 1.01 x 10
−1. Because the solid is non-
hygroscopic, it's used as a standard in
acidometry (quantitative assays of acid content). Double deprotonation can be effected in
NH3 solution to give [HNSO
3]
2−.
»
The behavior of H
3NSO
3 resembles that of
urea, (H
2N)
2CO, in some ways. Both feature
amino groups linked to electron-withdrawing centers that can participate in
delocalized bonding. Both liberate
ammonia upon heating in water.
Applications
The most famous application of sulfamic acid is in the synthesis of compounds that taste sweet. Reaction with
cyclohexylamine followed by addition of
NaOH gives C
6H
11NHSO
3Na,
sodium cyclamate. Related compounds are also
sweeteners, see
acesulfame potassium.
Sulfamates (O-substituted-, N-substituted-, or di-/tri-substituted derivatives of sulfamic acid) have been used in the design of many types of therapeutic agents such as
antibiotics, nucleoside/nucleotide
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
reverse transcriptase inhibitors,
HIV protease inhibitors (PIs), anti-cancer drugs (
steroid sulfatase and
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors), anti-
epileptic drugs, and
weight loss drugs.
Sulfamic acid is used as an acidic
cleaning agent, typically for
metals and
ceramics. It is a replacement for
hydrochloric acid for the removal of
rust. In households, it's often found as a
descaling agent in
detergents used for removal of
limescale.
Sulfamic acid is used in the S.C. Johnson & Sons, Inc. "Scrubbing Bubbles Fizz-Its Toilet Tablets."
Further Information
Get more info on 'Sulfamic Acid'.
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